# 【五保牒】

类型：古籍独立作品
作者：欧阳修
体裁：poem

## 原文

當司檢會轄下諸州軍近年不住申報盜賊群火極多。蓋緣盜賊必先須鄉村各有宿食窩藏之處，及所得贓物常有轉賣寄附之家，然後方能作賊。所以自來每有群盜驚劫，及至官司捕捉，又卻分散不見蹤跡，卒難尋覓。蓋為鄉村不相覺察，致得奸盜之人到處便可容隱。兼檢會《准戶令》：「諸戶皆以鄰聚相保，以相檢察，勿造非違。如有遠客來過止宿，及保內之人有所行詣，並語同保知。」雖然有此令文，州縣多不舉行。昨因巡歷到通利軍，問得舊來常有盜賊逃軍為患，近歲黎陽、衛縣各將鄉村之人五家結為一保，自結保後來，絕無逃軍賊盜，公私簡靜，其利甚博。須議專有施行。

右具如前。當司相度鄰聚相保之法，是國家見行敕令，於公私甚利。然今既舉行，若縣令非才，不能制馭公人胥吏，則勾追搔擾，未見其利，先為民害。以此當司未欲一概遍行指揮，今且於轄下諸縣柬選知縣、縣令公明材幹可以差委者，先次施行。數內某官見知某縣事，須實封專牒某官，候到，請詳前項事理施行。當司所錄去合保次第，只是大綱，若更有合從彼處民便，別加增損事件，亦請一面增損施行。仍請先具如何施行次第，公文供報，無至張皇鹵莽者。

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## 白话译文

本司查核所辖各州军近年不断申报盗贼团伙极多。是因为盗贼必先在乡村各有住宿、饮食和窝藏之处，以及所获赃物常有转卖寄放的人家，然后才能作案。所以向来每当有盗贼团伙惊扰劫掠，等到官府捕捉时，他们又分散不见踪迹，终于难以寻找。这是因为乡村不互相察觉，致使奸邪盗贼之人到处都可以容身隐藏。又查核《准户令》：「各户都以邻里聚居互相担保，互相检察，不得做违法之事。如有远客来经过住宿，以及保内之人有所出行，都要告知同保之人知道。」虽然有这条令文，州县多不施行。前些时候因巡行到通利军，问得旧来常有盗贼、逃军为患，近些年黎阳、卫县各将乡村之人五家结为一保，自从结保之后，绝无逃军盗贼，公私清净，其好处很多。必须商议专门施行。

右面所陈如上。本司考虑邻里聚居互相担保之法，是国家现行敕令，于公私很有利。然而如今既然施行，如果县令没有才能，不能制驭公人胥吏，就会勾追骚扰，未见其利，先成为百姓之害。因此本司不想一概遍行指挥，如今暂且于辖下各县柬选知县、县令中公明有才干可以差委的人，先依次施行。其中某官现任某县知县事，须实封专牒某官，候到，请详审前项事理施行。本司所录去合保次序，只是大纲，若更有应从当地民便另加增减的事项，也请一面增减施行。仍请先开列如何施行的次序，用公文供报，不要张皇卤莽。

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## 收录目录

- 《欧阳文忠公集》 · 卷118

原始页面：https://shishuguan.com/works/work-68bf9450d33993d48bc134bed4358408
