宋州寧陵縣記

建中初年，李希烈从蔡州攻陷汴州，驱赶士兵东下，将要收取江淮，宁陵守将刘昌率二千士兵抵御他。李希烈的部众将近十倍于刘昌，攻打宁陵三个月，韩晋公率三千强弩手，涉水夜入宁陵，弩箭射到李希烈帐前。李希烈说：“再增加吴地弩手，宁陵就攻不下来了。”于是解围回汴州。几个月后，李希烈的猛将翟辉率精锐部队在淮阳城下大败，李希烈处境窘迫，放弃汴州回蔡州。后来司徒刘玄佐见到刘昌，问道：“你以孤城，用一人抵挡十人，总共一百天里，凭什么能守住？”刘昌哭着说：“凭负心才能守住。我命令城上守兵说：‘回头看城内的人斩！’我的外甥张俊守西北角，未曾回头看城内，我把他揪下来斩了，军士有了必死的决心，所以能坚守。”于是伏地流泪。司徒刘公也哭了，抚着刘昌的背说：“国家一定会让你富贵。”

天宝末年，淮阳太守薛愿、

睢阳太守许远、真源县令张巡等率兵守两城，他们处境窘迫，事迹大致相当。睢阳陷落于贼手，淮阳能保其地，所以张巡、许远名声高扬而薛愿的事迹不被流传。刘昌守宁陵，近来被比作睢阳，所以良臣的名声不如忠臣。孙武说：“善于用兵的人，没有赫赫战功。”说的就是这个。大中二年十一月十八日，将仕郎、守尚书司勋员外郎、史馆修撰杜某题。

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