讀墨子

韩愈

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原文

儒譏墨以尚同、兼愛、尚賢、明鬼。而孔子畏大人,居是邦不非其大夫,《春秋》譏專臣,不尚同哉?孔子汎愛親仁,以博施濟眾為聖,不兼愛哉?孔子賢賢,以四科進褒弟子,疾歿世而名不稱,不尚賢哉?孔子祭如在,譏祭如不祭者,曰:「我祭則受福」,不明鬼哉?儒墨同是堯舜,同非桀紂,同修身正心以治天下國家,奚不相悅如是哉?余以為辯生於未學,各務售其師之說,非二師之道本然也。孔子必用墨子,墨子必用孔子;不相用,不足為孔、墨。

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白话译文

儒家讥讽墨子讲尚同、兼爱、尚贤、明鬼。可是孔子敬畏大人,居住在那个国家就不非议那里的大夫,《春秋》讥刺专擅的臣子,这不就是尚同吗?孔子泛爱而亲近仁者,把广泛施惠救济民众看作圣德,这不就是兼爱吗?孔子尊贤,用四科来进荐褒奖弟子,痛恨身死而名声不称扬,这不就是尚贤吗?孔子祭神如神在,讥刺那种祭神如同不祭的人,说:“我祭祀就受福。”这不就是明鬼吗?儒家和墨家都肯定尧舜,都否定桀纣,都讲修养自身端正心性来治理天下国家,为什么这样互相不喜欢呢?我认为争辩产生于后学,各自致力于推销他们老师的学说,并不是两位老师学说的本来面目。孔子必定要用墨子,墨子必定要用孔子;不能互相为用,就不足以成为孔子、墨子。

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