诗

采詩官

原文

《漢書•藝文志》曰：「哀樂之心感而歌詠之聲發，誦其言謂之詩，詠其聲謂之歌。故古有采詩之官，王者所以觀風俗、知得失、自考政也。」《食貨志》曰：「孟春之月，行人振木鐸徇於路以采詩，獻之大師，比其音律以獻於天子。」采詩，謂采取怨刺之詩也。

采詩官，采詩聽謌導人言。言者無罪聞者誡，下流上通上下泰。周滅秦興至隋氏，十代采詩官不置。郊廟登歌讚君美，樂府豔詞悅君意。若求興諭規刺言，萬句千章無一字。不是章句無規刺，漸及朝廷絕諷議。諍臣杜口為冗員，諫鼓高懸作虛器。一人員扆常端默，百辟入門兩自媚。夕郎所賀皆德音，春官每奏唯祥瑞。君之堂兮十里遠，君之門兮九重閟。君耳唯聞堂上言，君眼不見門前事。貪吏害民無所忌，奸臣蔽君無所畏。君不見厲王、胡亥之末年，群臣有利君無利。君兮君兮願聽此，欲開壅蔽遠人情，先向歌詩求諷刺。

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白话译文

《汉书·艺文志》说：“哀乐之心感而歌咏之声发，诵读其言叫诗，咏唱其声叫歌。所以古代有采诗官，王者用来观风俗、知得失、自考政。”《食货志》说：“孟春之月，行人摇木铎巡行路上采诗，献之大帅，比其音律以献天子。”采诗，指采取怨刺之诗。

采诗官，采诗听歌引导人言。言者无罪闻者诫，下流上通上下泰。周灭秦兴至隋氏，十代不设采诗官。郊庙登歌赞君美，乐府艳词悦君意。若求兴谕规刺言，万句千章无一字。不是章句无规刺，渐及朝廷绝讽议。诤臣闭口为冗员，谏鼓高悬作虚器。一人临屏常端默，百辟入门两自媚。夕郎所贺皆德音，春官每奏唯祥瑞。君之堂啊十里远，君之门啊九重闭。君耳唯闻堂上言，君眼不见门前事。贪吏害民无所忌，奸臣蔽君无所畏。君不见厉王、胡亥之末年，群臣有利君无利。君啊君啊愿听此，欲开壅蔽远人情，先向歌诗求讽刺。