取士先德行而後才藝疏

国家把礼部作为选拔孝廉秀才的门径，用甲乙等第来考核文章，所以天下人响应，奔忙于才艺，不致力于德行。德行，可以化育人、成就风俗；才艺，可以约束法令、树立名声。以致有人早上考中科甲，晚上就陷入刑罚，这是制定法度、遵守法度所造成的，陛下怎能不改弦更张呢？至于每天诵读万言，与治理本体有什么关系；七步成文，不足以化育人。从前子张学习求禄，仲尼说：“言语少过失，行为少悔恨，禄就在其中了。”又说：“行有余力，就去学习文。”如今舍弃根本而遵循末节。况且古人作文，必定谐和《风》、《雅》，如今的末学，不接近典谟。劳心于草木之间，极笔于烟云之际，以此成风，这是大错。从前采诗，用来观察风俗。咏《卷耳》则忠臣欢喜，诵《蓼莪》而孝子悲伤，温良敦厚，是诗教，哪里是主张淫靡之文呢？人爱名，如水往低处流，上面有所喜好，下面必定更甚。陛下如果以德行为先，才艺为末，必定敦厚德行、勉励品行，来等待甲科；存留舒俊之才，埋没而不录用；陈实长者，选拔而任用。那么众多士人如雷奔，四方闻风而动。风动于下，圣理于上，哪有不改变的呢？

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